The Covid Vaccine is Still Killing Americans

from Google AI:

Fibrinogen (Factor I) is a vital liver-produced plasma protein (normal range–) that plays a key role in blood clotting (hemostasis) and wound healing. It is converted by thrombin into insoluble fibrin, creating a mesh network to stabilize platelet plugs and stop bleeding. Low levels (hypofibrinogenemia) can cause excessive bleeding, while high levels are linked to inflammation and thrombosis.

Key Fibrinogen Functions and Role 

• Blood Clotting: Acts as the primary structural component of blood clots, providing strength to the initial platelet plug.   

• Wound Healing: Mediates cell spreading and facilitates tissue repair.   

• Inflammation Marker: Levels often rise in response to infection, inflammation, or tissue trauma   

• Antithrombin Activity: Helps regulate clotting by binding to and limiting thrombin activity.

Normal Range and Clinical Significance

Normal Levels: 200 to 400 mg/dL (adults). 

Critical Low Levels: <100 mg/dl 

High Levels (>400 mg/dl): Generally indicate inflammation, infection, pregnancy, or increased risk of cardiovascular disease/stroke.

 Causes of Low Fibrinogen (Hypofibrinogenemia)

• Inherited/Congenital: Rare genetic disorders (afibrinogenemia).  

• Acquired: Severe liver disease, malnutrition, DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation), or severe bleeding/trauma (consumption of clotting factors).

Symptoms of Low Fibrinogen

• Prolonged or abnormal bleeding, particularly after trauma or surgery.
• Easy bruising.
• Mucous membrane bleeding (e.g., nosebleeds, gum bleeding).
• In severe, cases, risk of intracerebral hemorrhage.

Diagnostic Tests

Fibrinogen Activity Test (Clauss Method): Measures how well fibrinogen functions in creating a clot. 

Antigen Test: Measures the total amount of fibrinogen present.

from Google AI:

Thrombosis is the dangerous formation of a blood clot (thrombus) inside a vein or artery, obstructing blood flow. It often causes pain, swelling, and warmth (usually in the leg) or serious conditions like stroke, heart attack, and pulmonary embolism. Treatment involves blood thinners (anticoagulants), clot-busters, or surgery. Key risk factors include immobility, surgery, cancer, and smoking.

Types of Thrombosis 

• Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Occurs in deep veins, most commonly the legs.
• Arterial Thrombosis: Forms in arteries, often linked to hardened arteries (atherosclerosis), causing heart attacks or strokes.
• Pulmonary Embolism (PE): Occurs when a venous clot breaks off and travels to the lungs. 

Symptoms of Thrombosis - Symptoms vary by location, but generally include:

• Leg/Arm (DVT): Swelling, pain (often cramping), tenderness, and warm skin.
• Lung (PE): Sudden shortness of breath, chest pain, rapid heart rate, and coughing up blood.
• Brain (Stroke): Sudden weakness, numbness, confusion, and difficulty speaking.

Causes and Risk Factors 

Thrombosis often occurs due to injury, illness, or genetic factors that make blood more prone to clotting (thrombophilia). Key factors include:

• Immobility: Long periods of sitting, hospital stays, or bed rest.
• Medical Conditions: Cancer, pregnancy, and inflammatory diseases.
• Procedures: Major or orthopedic surgery.
• Lifestyle & Age: Smoking, obesity, and advanced age.
• Medications: Oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy.

Treatment and Prevention 

• Medication: Anticoagulants (blood thinners) are the primary treatment to prevent further growth and reduce risk of embolisms.
• Procedures: Clot-busting drugs (thrombolytics) or mechanical removal (catheter-directed thrombolysis).
• Prevention: Staying active, wearing compression stockings, and managing weight.